The Rape Of Lucrece By William Shakespeare - 1786 Words

In Shakespeare’s â€Å"The Rape of Lucrece,† theoretical republicanism is predicated on the existence of and distinction between two types of men: the slave and the free. Those freeborn men who qualify for the responsibility and privilege of participating in the public sphere, are then further dependent upon the existence of a domestic female sphere in order to exercise their political virtue. The intersection between these two vital tenets of Classical Republicanism, class and gender politics, becomes structurally problematic within the context of Late Elizabethan Republicanism—when England is ruled rather successfully by a queen (Kunat 3). It is during this time that Shakespeare’s â€Å"The Rape of Lucrece† enters the conversation, imbuing the†¦show more content†¦In a similar description, the poem compares both women with â€Å"ivory conduits coral cisterns filling† (Shakespeare 1234). This nature imagery bears the connotation of being gendered distinctly feminine in classical and early modern literature. Furthermore, these images highlight the overwhelming quality of the natural elements; things are filling, swelling, and being quenched, as if beyond the control of the women. As Shakespeare points out, the maid’s emotions have no basis in reason as there is â€Å"no cause but company of her drops’ spilling† (Shakespeare 1236). The poem even ventures so far as to claim that the â€Å"gentle sex† are prone to emotion devoid of logic to the point of self-inflicted violence—â€Å"they drown their eyes or break their hearts†Ã¢â‚¬â€which becomes a haunting foreshadower of Lucretia’s suicide (Shakespeare 1239). The insinuation present in this snapshot of the patriarchal household is that women, when left to their own nature without male guidance, are easily overcome with emotion and thus rendered incapable of rationality. Shakespeare’s potent description of this interaction begins to reveal how such anti-feminist ideology was the lifeblood of patriarchal authority in monarchical Rome. As this interaction between mistress and servant progresses, the definition of a woman by theShow MoreRelatedAnnotated Bibliography on the Prevelence of Rape in Shakespeares Work909 Words   |  4 PagesGreenstadt, Amy. Read It In Me: the Authors Will in Lucrece. Shakespeare Quarterly. 57.1 (Spring 2006): 45-70. JStore. Web. 18 February 2014. In this body of work, associate professor at the University of Portland, Amy Greenstadt presents a compelling argument exploring William Shakespeares precise use of words in his poem The Rape of Lucrece. Structurally, Greenstadt employs a close reading method and anchors her research findings with the confirmation of concurring academics. InitiallyRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare Essay1510 Words   |  7 PagesWilliam Shakespeare William Shakespeare, the playwright, had a life of virtual mystery, intrigue and relative sadness. Shakespeare grew up in a modest upbringing and was known to have only completed elementary school. Though he did not attend college, he would end up as one of histories greatest literary success stories. The mysteries surrounding the life of William Shakespeare are perpetuated with the reference to the ‘lost years; two distinct periods of time from 1578-1582 and 1585-1592Read More Male Dishonor as Guilt and Shame in The Rape of Lucrece Essay1793 Words   |  8 PagesMale Dishonor as Guilt and Shame in The Rape of Lucrece  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   Inasmuch as a woman’s virginity or chastity is imagined as an object that can be owned, rape becomes a property crime, consisting in the theft of a woman’s virtue from its rightful owner, her male guardian. Bernice Harris articulates this view with respect to Titus Andronicus: The definition of the word is based on ownership: ‘rape’ is an appropriate term only if what is taken is not rightfully owned (388). The man who canRead More Chastity in The Rape of Lucrece and A Woman Killed with Kindness1614 Words   |  7 PagesChastity in The Rape of Lucrece and A Woman Killed with Kindness  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚   Renaissance England has been labeled a  culture of shame - a society in which an individuals identity was primarily constructed by the way in which his or her reputation or honor was perceived by others. A womans public reputation was always based on her virginity or chastity. Just as women were considered the property of their fathers or husbands, a womans chastity was an asset owned by and exchanged between theRead MoreEssay about William Shakespeare587 Words   |  3 PagesWilliam Shakespeare William Shakespeare was born in Statfordon-Avon, England in April 1564. The son of John Shakespeare a Glover and his mother Mary Arden who came of wealthy framing family. William Shakespeare was the eldest of three sons there were also four daughters, only one of his sisters out lived William. From when Shakespeare died there has been lots of books written about Shakespeare and his works. Such as Shakespeare in his Brie Lives written by Aurbery in the 17th centuryRead MoreThe Life of William Shakespeare Essay664 Words   |  3 Pagesa precious jewel in his head.† (William Shakespeare: As You like It, Act ll scene l.) William Shakespeare, the name of a much appreciated and famous playwright/writer, who is this man? Who is the man many English experts from around the world regard as the â€Å"most read and performed playwright in the world†? (Shakespeare’s life: April 23, 2014). Where was he born? Who was his family? Where did he live? Who exactly was William Shakespeare? John and Mary Shakespeare were simple people dealing in farmRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare : The Greatest Writer Of All Time1008 Words   |  5 Pages William Shakespeare is considered the most influential and greatest writers of all time because he writes great stories, he has the ability to turn phrases, and has very a compelling use of characters. I will be including in my research countless facts about Shakespeare and educated information on why William Shakespeare is considered the greatest writer of all time. Shakespeare s feats and accomplishments have all been established and based on his early life and childhood. William ShakespeareRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Life Of The English Language1425 Words   |  6 Pagestown northwest of London (Biography 2016). William Shakespeare grew up modestly throughout the early years of his life, but the influence that he had in the literary world was anything but. His childhood education and young-adult jobs aided him in creating a name for himself gradually to the theater. With patience and commitment towards his writings, Shakespeare became known as the finest poet of the English language (Lineback 2016). As a child, Shakespeare had two older sisters and three younger brothersRead MoreFrom Where did William Shakespeares Greatness Come?755 Words   |  3 Pagesknow not what we may be.†~ William Shakespeare. It is not known if Shakespeare had any hand in the publications of his plays, in which he is so well known for. â€Å"Some are born great, some achieve greatness, and some have greatness thrust upon them.†~ William Shakespeare. Was he just born great? Did he simply achieve greatness? Did he have it thrust upon him due to the changing times in which he lived? So many questions remain, even though more is known about William Shakespeare than any other person ofRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Life And Life1307 Words   |  6 Pages William Shakespeare s life was very interesting, to say the least about him. â€Å"An English playwright and poet, William Shakespeare is often considered the greatest dramatist the world has ever known and the most recognized poet in the Engl ish language† (Lindaman). From a very young age, William was a very bright kid, who had gained a love for theater. Ever since that love as a kid, it only grew stronger. Not only did he have a love for theater, but also poetry. Throughout Shakespeare’s life family

The Judicial System During The United States - 1201 Words

Introduction The Judicial system in America has advanced and developed for hundreds of years, early development of corrections was usually left to the local Sheriff’s and other law enforcement officers. In the 1820’s America developed the first penitentiary in Pennsylvania with the building of Eastern State Prison. Along with this prison are the early beginnings of organized corrections officers in America. Through the years, as more prisons and jails were built, the need for better trained, ethical, and professional individuals were required to staff and maintain positive control over criminal inmates. Today, corrections officers hold the responsibility for the custody, control, and safety of correctional inmate’s nations wide. The training, professionalism, and leadership, required for the corrections officer has advanced over time, as the challenges for public safety grows. Training Initially, individuals who determine early in their life that they possess the dedication and determination it takes to become a corrections officer face many issues in the beginning. Life I n corrections begins with training. The first phase is police officer standards training; for many people this is their first exposure to law enforcement. All states including the military require corrections officers to obtain POST or federal law enforcement certifications at certain levels in order to carry out their duties. Many men and women, who pursue initial law enforcement training, surprisinglyShow MoreRelatedRoles Of Law And Courts In Today S Business Environment901 Words   |  4 Pagesabide by the federal and state courts and laws of this country. The judicial review is the doctrine under which legislative and executive actions are subject to review by the judiciary. This is an example of check and balances in a modern governmental system. Working on a federal installation (Tinke r AFB) the industry has to follow both federal guidelines and laws. Federal and State Court Structure The differences between the two court structures: The United States Constitution is the supremeRead MoreSystem of Checks and Balances in America Essay1215 Words   |  5 PagesIn 1787 the United States of America Constitution, written by America’s forefathers, established a revised plan of government for the United States of America. The United States of America Constitution proclaims its purpose in its Preamble: â€Å"We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordainRead MoreCourt Systems1203 Words   |  5 PagesCourt System Introduction The purpose of this paper is to make the reader aware about the significance of the history of judicial system prevailing within the premises of United States. This paper intends to explore the Court System of United States. The major historical developments in the courts of United States will be discussed. Moreover, the rationale of the dual court system of the United States will be outlined. This paper will also explore the correlation between the historical developmentsRead MoreJohn Marshalls Effect on the American Judicial System Essays1656 Words   |  7 PagesJohn Marshalls Effect on the American Judicial System I.Introduction In the early years of the eighteenth Century, the young United States of America were slowly adapting to the union and the way the country was governed. And just like the country, the governmental powers were starting to develop. Since the creation of the Constitution and due to the Connecticut Compromise, there is the Executive, the Legislative and the Judicial Power. But the existence of those powers was not always thatRead MoreUpholding The Integrity And Independence Of The Judiciary1507 Words   |  7 Pagesplay (Epstein and Walker). Alexander Hamilton believed that the judiciary was the least dangerous branch of government. Hamilton and almost every other founder saw the court as legal bodies. The framers agreed on the need for judicial independence (Epstein and Walker). State Judges are chosen by the will of the people and have to participate in the game of politics. Both the President and the Senate have a voice in selecting Federal Judges, they are appointed by the president and have to be confirmedRead MoreMarbury v. Madison: Judicial Review Essay1032 Words   |  5 PagesMarbury v. Madison the power of judicial review was granted to the Supreme Court in 1801. The Constitution does not give power of judicial review. On Adams last day in office, several government officials upheld the case. Judicial review does not exist in countries that have a centralized or unitary form of government. The elected parliament declares it is the law of the land. Halsema Proposal to Netherlands has taken the initiative to start the process of judicial review. President John AdamsRead MoreThe United States Legal System970 Words   |  4 Pagesthrough the United States, the one program that has grown and learned from mistakes has been the United States Legal system. Ever since the original thirteen colonies became independent from the British Crown, the United States has had a legal system in place. While the United States grew, state by state, so have the regulations, policies, and laws that the legal system has created. The Articles of Confederation created a weak national congress and left the most power to the individual states. WhileRead MoreThe Constitutional Convention Of Philadelphia Essay1535 Words   |  7 Pagesdelegates of twelve states wrote the Constitution at the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia during the summer of 1787 and in 1788 the states ratified it. That gathering at Philadelphia’s Independence Hall brought nearly all of the nation’s most prominent men together, including Alexander Hamilton, Benjamin Franklin, James Madison and George Washington. Several of the men appointed had records of service in the army and in the courts and others were experienced in colonial and state government. WhenRead MoreThe Economic Crisis Of Brazil1395 Words   |  6 Pages Brazil Historical Development While Brazil development state began in the response of the Great Depression during the economic crisis. The second section of this report describes the formal protection of human rights in the Brazilian criminal justice system, but also explains why these guarantees remain largely on paper. An understanding of why the Brazilian state appears to violate so many of the human rights that its own laws and Constitution guarantee requires some description of the historicalRead MoreThe System Of Checks And Balances Essay1446 Words   |  6 PagesI Topic Sentence The flow of power in the system of checks and balances was created to protect the principles of democracy and sovereignty in the United States, But Even though there is a separation of powers, its clear to argue that the executive branch(President) is the most important branch and there are flaws in the system of checks and balances. II Signifigance of the Topic The system of checks and balances is an significant part of the Constitution because With checks and balances, each of

Community development in Australia

Question: Discuss about theCommunity Development in Australiaa. Answer: Introduction The report is on the development of a community and its criteria (Fife, 2017). For this purpose the report has considered the City of Playford, Australia to illustrate the different branches of developing a community (Council, 2017). The City of Playford is located in the South Australia in the northern suburbs of Adelaide. It is a local government area and developed by Sir Thomas Playford. The City was established in the phase of 1938-1965. Around 88000 residents lives in the 346 square km area of City of Playford (Council, 2017). Presently the city has been considered as a smart city in Australia. The motto behind the development of the city is to make a great place for living, working and playing for all (Council, 2017). The report goes through the profile of community activities in the City of Playford. The recent news and social media activities are used to analyze the characteristics of the profile of the community living there in City of Playford (Council, 2017). Basic Profile The City of Playford is itself existing community, which offers various services to the people living there. Various cultural events and activities use to be happened to deliver fun, joy and the happiness of living to the people of the community. The city cares for the working environment for the organizations operating there along with the other various facilities to the citizens of City of Playford (Council, 2017). The Council The City of Playford is under legal guideline of the Government of Australia. Local government there in the city considers every problem, needs of the people, and coordinates accordingly to give them a fruitful living experience. There is a chamber of few people elected by the people of the city who take the most crucial decision about minor to major issues happening in the City (Council, 2017). Apart from that, major development related issues are also been discussed in the chamber where their final decision is considered as the ultimate decision of the entire mass of the City of Playford. The people of the city live with their family and friends happily under the guidance of the Council (Council, 2017). The decisions of the chamber are taken with formal meetings and the decided plans are followed with preferred agendas to cultivate a culture of dedication and positivity among the people of the city. The council use to maintain an official record of all the activities happening in the city (Council, 2017). This strategy is applied to maintain a systematic process of development for people. The council used to play a major role in strategic planning and establishment the development pillars to support the city with best accessories. In this way, the council is directing the city to the path of continued growth (Council, 2017). Services The community plays various services for the people and other living creatures of the city. The community use to do the registration of the pets, lost and found programs and pet management programs for the pets of the people of the city (How can we assist?, 2017). Along with that, the community assists people with various consumer problems and also emergency services are provided to the needy people. Various maintenance programs also be organized by the community to enhance the living facilities for the people. However, parking management of the vehicles used by the people of the city are also taken care by the community of the City of Playford. In the construction sites there are so much noises which effects the comfort of living in the surrounding. The council of the City of Playford operates various roles in the construction noise management along with various other construction related issues in the city. Along with that, various immunization services also being taken care for the better health of the people (Immunisation Service, 2017). The council also plays a major role in the public health services there for the various health safety measures in the city. There are various recycling processes occurs for the better environment of the city (How can we assist?, 2017). The community has major roles in the emergency services too to support the people of the city (Our Role in an Emergency, 2017). Demographics of the Community The demographic profile of the community consists of the public, the students, various community groups, businesses and few more people who have interest to invest. The council always stays inform about the demographic profile of the city and cooperated with the needs of each person living in the city. The Council of City of Playford concentrates on four major parameter to develop the city, the parameters are Demographics, Community Wellbeing, Economic Prosperity and the Environmental Care. Community Structure and amenities There are various community center, halls and institutes for the wellbeing of the people living in the city. The community grants for various events and programs and also arranges funds for the same. There are various sports and cultural events happen in the city with the support of the community. The community for the better performances in the events provides all sorts of assistances. Along with that, there are various celebration events happens for bringing the joy and fun in the life of the people. There are various awards distributions also happens to promote growth to individual talent in the city. There are various community services also. The community supports the older people in their family and physical problems (Older People, 2017). Along with that, the community is also providing various home assistance services, support services for the disabled persons and various Transport services. There are various programs for the young people too such as Youth Advisory Committee, N1 Records and Girls to the front, The Pier at the rise, School holiday programs and Wheels in Motion (Youth Services, 2017). The main focus of these programs is to develop well cultured and educated youngsters for the better nation. Along with that, the community provides various Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Programs (Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Programs, 2017). The programs consists of various health care services, housing services, employment services, educational activities and supports, child care services, Legal Advices, Income Supports and various Counselling programs. There are also various rural and multicultural programs happen by the community to help the rural people with all sorts of amenities. The programs mainly focus to the older people and the programs get originated from the Virginia Institute in the rural town of Virginia along with the One Tree Hill Institute. Some of the programs are as the Regional Outings where few bus trips are arranged for the older people, Italian Group: Casa Aperta Del Nortd, Greek Group: My Greek House, Virginia friendship Group and many more (Rural and Multicultural Programs, 2017). Responsibility towards the Environment The community plays a major role towards the environmental management. The city has over 1000 hectares of open area containing many playgrounds, parks, sports reserves and various more open places for the events and ceremonies. The community for the reward distribution, cultural events and other various cultural programs (Parks, Reserves and Playgrounds, 2017) mainly uses the primary parks. The community has implemented few laws to protect the environment such as smoke free laws in the playgrounds and other covered public areas. Library facilities The city of Playford has a consistent library facilities for the people in the suburbs of Elizabeth and Munno Para. Along with that, they provide mobile library services and home library services. The libraries are comprehensive along with latest information bases. They provided high quality customer services, development activities and innovative approaches to the community needs (Your Library, 2017). The Playford library services is a member of the South Australian Public Libraries and it is operating under One Card network. The focus of this service is implement a cultural of updating themselves with knowledge and innovations along with better education for all. In the below picture, the activities of the community over the social media is shown. The picture reveals that, the community accepts the new comers in the society with warm welcome and rewards and recognitions also (City of Playford: Official Facebook page, 2017). The above picture reveals that, the community has a fan following of 6261 people as of 5th April, 2017. Conclusion The report concludes that, the community building is a crucial task. As an example of City of Playford, the report has discussed about various activities of the community and the council for the betterment of the society and the environment also. The report states that, community development and maintenance are difficult jobs and needed to be focused on the motto of the community every point of time. In the analysis of City of Playford it is seen that, they always focused on the betterment of the lives of people and also cultural developments of the society. References: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Programs. (2017). Playford.sa.gov.au. Retrieved 5 April 2017, from https://www.playford.sa.gov.au/marniwaiendiprograms City of Playford: Official Facebook page. (2017). Facebook.com. Retrieved 5 April 2017, from https://www.facebook.com/cityofplayford/ Council. (2017). Playford.sa.gov.au. Retrieved 5 April 2017, from https://www.playford.sa.gov.au/page.aspx?u=1381 Fife, C. O. (2017). Community development. How can we assist?. (2017). Playford.sa.gov.au. Retrieved 5 April 2017, from https://www.playford.sa.gov.au/page.aspx?u=1693 Immunisation Service. (2017). Playford.sa.gov.au. Retrieved 5 April 2017, from https://www.playford.sa.gov.au/immunisation Older People. (2017). Playford.sa.gov.au. Retrieved 5 April 2017, from https://www.playford.sa.gov.au/page.aspx?u=1285 Our Role in an Emergency. (2017). Playford.sa.gov.au. Retrieved 5 April 2017, from https://www.playford.sa.gov.au/ourrole Parks, Reserves and Playgrounds. (2017). Playford.sa.gov.au. Retrieved 5 April 2017, from https://www.playford.sa.gov.au/page.aspx?u=1297 Rural and Multicultural Programs. (2017). Playford.sa.gov.au. Retrieved 5 April 2017, from https://www.playford.sa.gov.au/page.aspx?u=1480 Your Library. (2017). Playford.sa.gov.au. Retrieved 5 April 2017, from https://www.playford.sa.gov.au/library Youth Services. (2017). Playford.sa.gov.au. Retrieved 5 April 2017, from https://www.playford.sa.gov.au/youth

Symbolism in Hawthornes free essay sample

Symbolism is the practice of representing things by means of symbols or of attributing symbolic meanings or significance to objects, events, or relationships. In both of Hawthornes short stories The Ministers Black Veil and The Birthmark show symbolism, The Ministers Black Veil symbolizes sin and strong will; The Birthmark symbolizes amour love and imperfection. The Ministers Black Veil is a story about a well-liked Minister in a small town named Mr. Hooper. As the story progresses Parson Hooper, a looked up to citizen and great preacher begins to wear a black veil that covers his face. The congregation of his church and people around town became curious, distraught, and somewhat afraid of the black veil he wore across his face and why a man of his stature would do such a thing. What did he do? What was he hiding? Throughout the story the veil stayed on and these questions were asked, the people became Judgmental of the preacher and wondered if his sin was so bad that he didnt want his face seen in church. We will write a custom essay sample on Symbolism in Hawthornes or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page One thing that caught my attention was how uch ruckus this little black veil had caused. He couldnt walk out in public with out causing a scene, children would run away and scream, men and women would turn there heads, and stare at him like the man had a plague. His wife even ended up leaving him because she was frightened of what he was hiding or what he had done that caused him to put on a black veil. To the townspeople the black veil is a symbol for sin and what evil Mr. Hooper could have done to hide his face in sight of the Lord. I mean, the people didnt even take the time to ask the man why he chose to wear it r if his spiritual well-being was 0k. Instead they assumed the worst, talk about him behind his back and make the situation ten times worse then it actually was, maybe he was trying out a new fashion statement for all we know. To me Mr. Hooper was a very strong willed individual and this is symbolized in this story, because not once did he back down from his decision of wearing the black veil even though the entire town even his wife was against the man. Like wise The Birthmark shows a lot of symbolism such as Amour love and imperfection. In this story there is a drop dead orgeous young lady by the name of Georgiana, and by the way Hawthorne describes her, shes a perfect ten, except for one birthmark that exist on the side of her face. Despite what you might think Georgiana loves her birthmark, it is what made her unique and imperfect, because nobody is perfect so she embraces it. Georgiana is married toa man named Aylmer, and hes pretty much a big selfish dick. One day he comes home and asks Georgiana what she thought about removing the birthmark because it shocks him every time he looks at her beautiful face. Aylmer is selfish nough to ask if he could remove it and doesnt even think of the consequences of what might happen after surgery, or considered that Georgiana was 0k with her small imperfection. Aylmer finally convinces Georgiana to have the surgery to try and remove the birthmark. Test after test Georgiana sees that Aylmer is working relentlessly to remove her imperfection and hopes that if he succeeds then he will love her endlessly as much as she loves him. She has the surgery and after she awakes the birthmark is no longer on ner tace. Aylmer is ecstatic that his experiment ad worked, Georgiana sees how happy he that she is now perfect in his eyes but has nothing to say expect for Poor Aylmer because she know she is dying. The symbolism in this short story is that there is nothing perfect on this earth and by removing the imperfection Aylmer also removed Georgiana from the world. It was through Georgianas Amour love (deep compassionate love) for Aylmer that she was willing to go to the ends of the earth for him that he would share that same love for her even if it meant she had to die for him to realize it.

Joseon Dynasty - Ancient Korean History

Joseon Dynasty - Ancient Korean History The Joseon Dynasty ruled over a united Korean Peninsula for more than 500 years, from the fall of the Goryeo Dynasty in 1392 through the Japanese Occupation of 1910. The cultural innovations and achievements of Koreas last dynasty continue to influence society in modern-day Korea. Founding The 400-year-old Goryeo Dynasty was in decline by the late 14th century, weakened by internal power struggles and nominal occupation by the similarly moribund Mongol Empire. A wily army general, Yi Seong-gye, was sent to invade Manchuria in 1388. Instead, he turned back toward the capital, smashing the troops of rival General Choe Yeong, and deposing the Goryeo King U. General Yi didnt take power immediately; he ruled through Goryeo puppets from 1389 to 1392. Dissatisfied with this arrangement, Yi had King U and his 8-year-old son King Chang executed. In 1392, General Yi took the throne and the name King Taejo. Consolidation of Power For the first few years of Taejos rule, dissatisfied nobles still loyal to the Goryeo kings regularly threatened to mutiny. To shore up his power, Taejo declared himself the founder of the Kingdom of Great Joseon, and wiped out rebellious members of the old dynastys clan. King Taejo also signaled a fresh start by moving the capital from Gaegyeong to a new city at Hanyang. This city was called Hanseong, but it later became known as Seoul. The Joseon king built architectural wonders in the new capital, including the Gyeongbuk Palace, completed in 1395, and the Changdeok Palace (1405). Taejo ruled until 1408. Flowering Under King Sejong The young Joseon Dynasty endured political intrigues including the Strife of the Princes, in which Taejos sons fought for the throne. In 1401, Joseon Korea became a tributary of Ming China. Joseon culture and power reached a new pinnacle under Taejos great-grandson, King Sejong the Great (r. 1418–1450). Sejong was so wise, even as a young boy, that his two older brothers stepped aside so he could be king. Sejong is best known for inventing the Korean script, hangul, which is phonetic and much easier to learn than Chinese characters. He also revolutionized agriculture and sponsored the invention of the rain gauge and sundial. First Japanese Invasions: In 1592 and 1597, the Japanese under Toyotomi Hideyoshi used their samurai army to attack Joseon Korea. The ultimate goal was to conquer Ming China. Japanese ships, armed with Portuguese cannons, captured Pyongyang and Hanseong (Seoul). The victorious Japanese cut off the ears and noses of more than 38,000 Korean victims. Korean slaves rose up against their masters to join the invaders, burning down Gyungbokgung. Joseon was saved by Admiral Yi Sun-sin, who ordered the construction of turtle ships, the worlds first ironclads. Admiral Yis victory at the Battle of Hansan-do cut the Japanese supply line and forced Hideyoshis retreat. Manchu Invasions: Joseon Korea became increasingly isolationist after defeating Japan. The Ming Dynasty in China also was weakened by the effort of fighting off the Japanese, and soon fell to the Manchus, who established the Qing Dynasty. Korea had supported the Ming and chose not to pay tribute to the new Manchurian dynasty. In 1627, the Manchu leader Huang Taiji attacked Korea. Worried about revolt within China, though, the Qing withdrew after taking a Korean prince hostage. The Manchus attacked again in 1637 and laid waste to northern and central Korea. Joseons rulers had to submit to a tributary relationship with Qing China. Decline and Rebellion Throughout the 19th century, Japan and Qing China vied for power in East Asia. In 1882, Korean soldiers angry about late pay and dirty rice rose up, killed a Japanese military advisor, and burned down the Japanese legation. As a result of this Imo Rebellion, both Japan and China increased their presence in Korea. The 1894 Donghak peasant rebellion provided both China and Japan an excuse to send large numbers of troops to Korea. The First Sino-Japanese War (1894–1895) was fought mainly on Korean soil and ended in defeat for the Qing. Japan took control of Koreas land and natural resources through the end of World War II. Korean Empire (1897–1910) Chinas hegemony over Korea ended with its defeat in the first Sino-Japanese War. The Joseon Kingdom was renamed The Korean Empire, but in fact, it had fallen under Japanese control. When Korean Emperor Gojong sent an emissary to The Hauge in June 1907 to protest Japans aggressive posture, the Japanese Resident-General in Korea forced the monarch to abdicate his throne. Japan installed its own officials in the executive and judicial branches of the Korean Imperial government, disbanded the Korean military, and gained control of the police and prisons. Soon, Korea would become Japanese in name as well as in fact. Japanese Occupation / Joseon Dynasty Falls In 1910, the Joseon Dynasty fell, and Japan formally occupied the Korean Peninsula. According to the Japan-Korea Annexation Treaty of 1910, the Emperor of Korea ceded all his authority to the Emperor of Japan. The last Joseon Emperor, Yung-hui, refused to sign the treaty, but the Japanese forced Prime Minister Lee Wan-Yong to sign in the Emperors stead. The Japanese ruled Korea for the next 35 years until the Japanese surrendered to the Allied Forces at the end of World War II.

Napoleons Height Revealed

Napoleons Height Revealed Napoleon Bonaparte is chiefly remembered for two things in the English-speaking world: being a conqueror of no small ability and for being short. He still inspires devotion and hatred for winning a series of titanic battles, expanding an empire across much of Europe, and then destroying it all as a result of a failed invasion of Russia. He continued the reforms of the French Revolution (arguably not in the spirit of the revolution) and established a model which remains in some countries to this day. But for better or worse, the most famous thing most people believe about him is still that he was short. Was Napoleon Really Unusually Short? It turns out that Napoleon wasnt particularly short at all. Napoleon is sometimes described as being 5 foot 2 inches tall, which would definitely make him short for his era. However, there is a strong argument that this figure is wrong and that Napoleon was actually 5 foot 7 inches tall, no shorter than the average Frenchman.   Napoleons height has been the subject of many psychological profiles. He’s sometimes cited as the chief example of short man syndrome, whereby short men act more aggressively than their larger counterparts to make up for their lack of height. Certainly, there are few people more aggressive than a man who defeated his rivals time after time across almost an entire continent and only stopped when dragged to a very small, far away island. But if Napoleon was of average height, the easy psychology doesnt work for him. English or French Measurements? Why is there such a discrepancy in historic descriptions of Napoleons height? As he was one of the most famous men of his era, it would seem reasonable to assume that his contemporaries knew how tall he was. But the problem may have been due to a difference in measurements between the English and French-speaking worlds. The French inch was actually longer than the British inch, leading to any height sounding shorter to the English speaking world. In 1802 a doctor called Corvisart said Napoleon was 5 foot 2 inches by the French measurement, which equates to about 5 foot 6 in British. Intriguingly, in the same statement, Corvisart said that Napoleon was of short stature, so it may be that people already assumed Napoleon was small by 1802, or that people assumed the average Frenchmen was much taller. The Autopsy Matters are confused by the autopsy, which was carried out by Napoleon’s doctor, Frenchman Francesco Antommarchi, who gave 5 foot 2 as his height. But was the autopsy, which was signed off by a number of British doctors and in a British owned area, in British or French measures? We don’t know for sure, with some people adamant the height was in British units and others French. When other sources are factored in, including another measurement after the autopsy in British measurements, people generally conclude with the height of 5 foot 5-7 inches British, or 5 foot 2 in French, but there is still some doubt. Le Petit Caporal and Larger Bodyguards If Napoleons lack of height is a myth, it may have been perpetuated by Napoleon’s army, because the emperor was often surrounded by much larger bodyguards and soldiers, giving the impression of him being smaller. This was especially true of the Imperial Guard units which had height requirements, leading to them all being taller than him. Napoleon was even named the le petit caporal,  often translated as little corporal, even though it was a term of affection rather than a description of his height, further leading to people assuming he was short. The idea was certainly perpetuated by the propaganda of his enemies, who portrayed him as short as a way of attacking and undermining him.

In relating to the surrounding culture in a post-Christendom world, Essay

In relating to the surrounding culture in a post-Christendom world, what lessons should the Church learn from the pre-Constanti - Essay Example In the twenty-first century the broadly Christian basis of society has given way to something much more diffuse. In particular the absence of a Christian values to underpin governmental regimes is resulting in an increasing number of potential conflicts between Church and State, and suggests that the Church needs to find ways of adapting to a new role outside the main value system of the majority of people. This paper examines the situation of the pre-Constantinian early Church and the way it related to the cultures surrounding it. The Church’s early relationship with Jewish, Roman and Greek culture is examined, and experiences gathered in this pre-Constantinian period are applied to the contemporary situation of the Church, showing that in terms of identity, ethnic relations, attitudes to war, social customs and political engagement, the modern Church has much to learn from its own earlier history. In modern times, as in pre-Constantinian times, Christianity is not the accept ed â€Å"norm†, and its doctrines are not perceived as the core values of society at large. Instead of sustaining and promoting a stable Church/State symbiosis, which we see in the post-Constantinian conceptof â€Å"Christendom†, the Church finds itself on all fronts in danger of entering into conflict through contamination from and resistance to the surrounding cultures. The implications of isolation from the dominant norms are perhaps most significant in the area of evangelism. In pre-Constantinian times, as in present time, any Christian outreach work must start from an assumption that people will require intensive mentoring, apprenticeship and instruction in even the most basic doctrines.1 Nothing can be taken for granted, in terms of factual knowledge or moral training in the family, and the position of outsider that the modern Church occupies means that it must find ways of operating that help to clarify, define and maintain its position in relation to a somewhat hostile environment . The first lesson that the modern Church must learn from this earlier stage in its history is therefore to revisit and re-emphasize its core message through teaching of basic Christian facts and principles. One aspect of early Church history which has perhaps been underplayed by later commentators is the extent to which it harmonized with the cultures around it in the very beginning. An important factor in its first spurt of growth was its focus in cosmopolitan centres, where a multitude of different cultures co-existed with each other without any problem: â€Å"Absorption and adaptation were to mark the progress of the church both in east and west so long as it remained predominantly urban.†2 The trading cities of the Mediterranean were a melting pot for different races but also for different ideas, and the fledgling church took advantage of this relative freedom to develop its structures and systems, often taking selected elements from different cultur al groups around them. Celebration of the Jewish Sabbath, for example, was a custom that was adapted for Christian use but was clearly borrowed from the Jewish tradition. Much of the rhetoric and some philosophical texts for exposition and teaching were borrowed freely

Rediscovering the Link between Traditional and Modern Shamanism Research Paper

Rediscovering the Link between Traditional and Modern Shamanism - Research Paper Example Since the rituals of the shaman are very specific and distinctive it is difficult to identify which one deserves restoration. Shamanism is flexible and open, which allowed an interaction between, for instance, Buddhism and shamanism in Mongolia (Witzel 2011: 44). Hence it would nowadays be hard to identify whether the practices of a shaman in Mongolia are inspired by centuries-old Buddhist rituals or whether Buddhist practices are rooted in shamanic beliefs. This paper analyzes the changes that traditional shamanism went through in order to adapt to contemporary needs, and the impossibility of restoring the pure, original form of shamanism. Contemporary Shamanism The 20th-century shamans in Japan or Siberia embrace the belief that they are merely a rough version of past events. The shaman has evolved and thus has his/her advocates and their needs. Shamanism in post-Reformation Europe appears to thrive in its neo-shamanic form because people can create an interpretation of supernatura l occurrences which are difficult to understand or explain in the perspective of the Protestant church (Jakobsen 1999: 209). Likewise, as stated in the accounts of Laura Kendall, shamanism attracts mostly Korean housewives. Contemporary shamanism thus has gone through transformations which have matched it to the users’ needs and focuses on prophecy and the family. ... Coercion of individuals by several shamans is common in all shamanic cultures. A number of scholars, such as Hahm Pyong-choon, emphasize this point since shamanism is threatened by the exact causes of neo-shamanism’s success in the Western world. Apparently, the current threats to shamanism are major perils to its survival. Worldwide occurrences, especially industrialization, urbanization, modernization, technological and scientific progress, the powerful spread of Christianity, and westernization have all created serious threats (Meadows 2011: 105). As the heightening of individualism and disintegration of the family persist shamanism will undoubtedly be threatened further. The dissimilarity between neo-shamanism and contemporary Korean shamanism is that in the latter the bond to the deceased family members and their impact on the lives of the living is the emphasis. The core element is the family. In neo-shamanism the person focuses on those who need attention and it is thus better adapted to contemporary Western urban culture (Gallagher 2006: 82). In South America, certain healers still perform some of the healing methods of the earlier shamans but it is a quite special challenge that shamans have to face in an urban environment. Nowadays, healers act in response to immorality in urban areas, to issues of drug addiction, domestic violence, child abuse, family disintegration, and prostitution. The morality of the healer, his spiritual defenses and his capacity to change the spirit domain for the benefit of his audiences is similar to early Amazonian practices (Adlam & Holyoak 2005: 531). His healing practices definitely are different from those of the mainstream medical procedures offered, for a fee, in urban areas. The urban

Lifespan Development Essay Example for Free

Lifespan Development Essay Set forth by Margret Baltes, Paul Baltes and their associates, the life span perspective is the viewing of human development as multi directional, multi cultural, multi contextual,multi disciplinary and plastic. Human development is viewed as multi-directional because with time the characteristics of a human tend to change. Each person’s body consists of a large amount of genes and therefore bring the possibility of having several different directions that they could develop. Different events in life can lead to a change in direction. Some examples of those events may be the death of a loved one, losing a job, getting married, getting into college. etc. Researchers have used the multi directional perspective to figure out that losses and gains tend to occur simultaneously and that losses can lead to gains and gains can lead to losses. Human development is seen as multi contextual because it occurs in various contexts such as physical surroundings and the constellations of family. Urie Bronfenbrenner was the first to shine light on the need to consider multiple contexts. He recommended that when conducting a developmental study we should use an ecological-systems approach. This involves the belief that the individual should be considered in all contexts and interactions that life consist of in the study of human development. Bronfenbrenner later changed the name of this approach to bioecological to show the natural and biological aspects of this theory. There are three nested levels that each person is affected by. Microsystems is immediate surroundings such as friends, school, church and family. Exosystems is local institutions such as place of employment, school, and religious courses. Macrosystems involves the larger contexts such as political, economics and culture. Bronfenbrenner created a fourth system called mesosystem that connects all the systems together. An example of mesosystem would be the connection between family and employment. Family leave policies and overtime are examples of family and employment connections. Bronfenbrenner created the chronosystem or time system which also has an affect on the other systems. Development is viewed as multi cultural because there are many different cultures in the world today. Social scientists describe culture as a â€Å"meaning and information system, shared by a group and transmitted across generations, that allows the group to meet basic needs of survival . . . pursue happiness and wellbeing, and derive meaning from life† (Matsumoto, 2009) Development is multi disciplinary because researchers must study various disciplines to understand it. Scientists usually break the study of human development into three segments to study it better. The segments are biological, cognitive and social. Each segment is a discipline that a scientist specializes in. It is also segmented in age groups such as childhood ,adolescence and adulthood. Development is plastic because the traits of humans can be molded much like plastic and people are durable like plastic. Two Theories of Life Span Development The first theory is Erik Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development. He believed that personality was developed in stages. One of the main aspects of Erikson’s theory was the ego identity. This is the conscious sense of self that we develop during social interactions. According to Erik, it is constantly changing as we experience new things and learn new information during our daily interactions with others. Erikson also believed that behaviors and actions were motivated with a sense of competence. Each part of Erikson’s theory involves becoming competent in an area of life. The individual will feel a sense of mastery referred to as ego quality or ego strength if the stage is handled well. The person will feel a sense of inadequacy if the stage is not handled properly. He believed that people experienced a conflict that acted as a turning point during each stage. In his view, these conflicts were focused on creating a psychological quality or failing to create a psychological quality. The second theory is Jean Piaget’s theory. His theory is composed of four stages. The sensorimotor stage is from birth to 2 years and suggests the the child builds a set of concepts about reality through physical interactions. Preoperational stage occurs between ages 2 and 7. The child is unable to understand logic and cognitive thinking. They understand symbolic things and have acquired motor skills. Concrete operational stage occurs between the ages 7 and 11. Children are aware of external events. They develop operational thinking and can show logical reasoning. The formal operational stage occurs from the age of 11 to 16 and onward. Those who reach this stage have developed abstract reasoning and can easily think logically. How Heredity and Environment Affect Development Heredity and the environment both play an important part in human development. The heredity factors affect all aspects of development. Genes have a tremendous affect on the birth, puberty, growth and death of a human being. Many traits are inherited from our family members and determine how we develop. Our genetics help to determine how we might act. For example, if there is a history of mental problems in your family then you might be prone to mental illnesses as well. The environment also helps in the human development process. The way we act, dress, talk, etc can be affected by our surroundings. For example, if you are raised in â€Å"the ghetto† then you might be prone to violence, drugs, baggy clothes, and slang talk. Growing up around violence and drugs might make a person develop into a drug abuser or participate in violent activities. The people we surround ourselves with also affect our development. If we are surrounded by violence and drugs then we might think that it is a normal way of life and we might also participate in these activities. If we are not subjected to these types of activities then we have a less chance of getting involved in these activities. Conclusion In conclusion, the life span perspective sheds light on the many aspects of human development. It is multi directional because our lives can go in many directions as a result of different life changing events. It is also multi cultural as there are several different cultures involved. There are many different contexts involved in human development such as our physical surroundings and family constellations. Multiple disciplines are studied in order for researchers to understand human development. Human development is also referred to as plastic because it can be shaped and molded just like plastic. Our development is greatly affected by genetic factors and environmental factors such as inherited qualities and the people and activities we are surrounded by.

Free College Essays - Tone, Allusions and Diction in Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter :: Scarlet Letter essays

The Scarlet Letter - Use of Tone, Allusions and Diction Puritans are well known for their morality in discipline, religious intolerance, and harsh punishments for those defying their beliefs. These Puritan influences had a great impact on early American literature. Nathaniel Hawthorne provides an illustrated look into the Puritans and their community in his classic The Scarlet Letter. Through Hawthorne's use of tone, allusions with Hester and Dimmesdale, and the diction that is used to describe how the village behaves during the multiple scaffold scenes he provides a disapproval for these rigid moralists' extreme way of life. Hawthorne's use of tone has revealed his feelings regarding the Puritans. He starts out relatively early in the book describing these people as "being of the most intolerant brood" (86) unveiling at once the lack of understanding they had. Finding out about Hester and Pearl, the village at once "scorned them in their hearts, and...reviled them with their tongues" (86) exposing to us the discriminating disposition that the Puritans have for those who were not exactly like them or followed their rules. The tone that is inferred from the harsh words allows us to see the negative attitude that the narrator feels for these Protestants. Along with the tone of "voice" that we can almost hear speak to us with Nathaniel Hawthorne's rich yet somewhat chilling vocabulary is the allusion among the Puritans and their influence. As the Puritans could see that the "same scorching stigma was on them both!" (225), Nathaniel Hawthorne alluded to the same marks on the crucified Christ, disclosing how scornful the convictions by the Puritans were. As he discusses the generations to come of puritanical influence, Hawthorne sees them wearing "the blackest shade of Puritanism" (211). This allusion allows us to see the perniciousness that flourished inside of the Puritans and how it was carried on from one generation to another. The allusions displaying the author's feelings of the religious intolerance of the Puritans are further developed with his choice of diction during the scaffold scenes. The Puritans' feelings were so lacking of compassion that "they were stern enough to look upon her death†¦without a murmur†¦ but had none of the heartlessness of another social state." (53). This implied that when faced with death of a betrayer they would not have a reaction because their commiseration was completely devoted towards social applications.

The Scientific Revolution

There should be balance, in any essay which deals with events in history, between the dry, chronological facts, and the â€Å"soul† of the event (s) in question. If an essay on a subject of history relies too much on mere historical data and fails to personalize or — in a sense — humanize the concepts and facts which are the meat and bones of the essay, then the loss of emotion and empathy on behalf of the reader will preclude their maintaining an avid interest in the facts, no matter how skilfully presented.Unfortunately, in the essay â€Å"The Significance of the Scientific Revolution,† absolutely no â€Å"human† detail is added to the generally overwhelming flow of dry data and historical fact. The ommission of details, even details regarding dates, persons, and events is less egregious than the ommission of any personal feeling or â€Å"human interest† detail which might have been included alongside the presentation of the key events of w hat is known, historically, as The Scientific Revolution.In â€Å"The Significance of the Scientific Revolution,† the reader is shown a summation of what might be best thought of as the â€Å"key exterior† events of the Scientific Revolution. These key events are presented without any degree of ‘fleshing out† which makes it very difficult to imagine the real-life impact of the events and historical evolution which the essay attempts to describe. the lack of personalization extends to the essay's thesis, or rather, to its lack of a thesis. The idea that the Scientific Revolution was a major historical watershed for human evolution is not a thesis, but rather a statement of what is obvious.Due to its lack of any tangible thesis of humanizing element, the essay, as it stands, presents no verifiable argument and is, at best, a weak summation of chronological events. Age of Enlightenment Although it is tempting for some observers to sum up historical eras into n eat and tidy packages, this temptation is a dangerous one because it often leads to over-generalization and the loss of important historical specificity, much of which may run as a counterpoint or counter-vision to the observer's original, categorical understanding.In the essay â€Å"The Age of Enlightenment† generalization is the rule, and the resultant loss of historical specifics (and therefore accuracy) is the most obvious criticism which may be leveled at the essay. To begin with, the essay offers the view in its opening paragraph that the Age of Enlightenment was uniformly a positivistic era in history: â€Å"peasants and nobles were no longer bound by their feudal obligations. The philosophers of the Enlightenment felt bound to their secular views based from human understanding and reason only.These thinkers hoped that the period would bring positive changes to every aspect of thought and life† (Enlightenment, 1). While this summation may be generally true, it i s a drastic oversimplification of the slow evolution of human rights which began before the â€Å"Age of Enlightenment† and continues right on through to modern times. The author goes on to make several unsubstantiated points: for example, â€Å"the age of Enlightenment was the light that shined on the corruption during the middle ages caused by the Catholic Church† as well as misleading or imprecise diction â€Å"The people behind the age of Enlightenment† (Enlightenment, 1).Basically, the author of the essay has taken a very generalized view, overall, of what the historical Age of Enlightenment really was and in addition, the author has compounded the looseness of their overall argument by using imprecise terms and vague substantiation through secondary sources. Unfortunately, the essay, although logical and put together in a streamlined and linear fashion, offers very little substantive information and may, in fact, be misleading to someone who read the essay hoping to understand the Age of Enlightenment from a genuinely historical perspective.

Title : the Affects of Temperature on Enzymes Activity

Title : the affects of temperature on enzymes activity 1. The Problem: measuring and recording the digestion of carbohydrates by enzyme amylase 2. Independent variable: water bath temperature 3. Dependent variable: the time taken for the carbohydrates to get digested by amylases 4. Controls: the amounts of the carbohydrates and the enzymes in the reaction 5. Quantitative measurement: Time | Temperature | Enzymes concentration | Substrate concentration | Starches Indicators | Catalysts | In minutes | Cloven /Celeste | Per millimetre cube | Per millimetre cube | Per drop | No catalyst | 1.Materials: 6 water bathes. test tubes, test tube rack , amylase enzymes , carbohydrate form ( flower or ,potato), thermometers , indicator ,stop clock ,protection (lab coat, goggles ) 2. Procedure: * prepare 6 test tubes with 10 cm of carbohydrate milk and misuse 5 cm of amylase enzymes in a cringe and add to test tube also indicator should be add and there is no catalyst in this experiments * Place t he test tubes on the water baths Water baths should be with fixed temperatures from 10 ,20,30,40,50,60,70 * Start the stop clock as soon as the test tube in the water bath * Keep an eye on the test tube till colour change is observed and the take the test tube out and tack time measurements * Also every temperature measurements should be done individually that the other tests to eliminate error (no one can be in 6 places at the same time ) * Make a table and record the time taken to the enzymes to work and digest the substrate at each temperature individually *Draw a graph Make your conclusion based on the results Hypothesis:. the affect of temperatures on rate of typical enzyme –controlled reaction up to about 40c the rate increases smoothly, also a 10 degree increase of the temperature accompanied by approximate doubling in of the rate of the reaction this is the normal temperature rule of chemical reactions in general, above this temperature the rate starts to fall off the n decline rapidly . above 60 degree the rate ceases or stop completely. . Explanation: increase of reaction why? Increases in the temperature of a system results from increases in the kinetic energy of the system. This has several effects on the rates of reactions, 1-the increase in temperature will increase the activation energy of a molecules there for it has more potential to react and change status Also the temperature will make the molecules move faster and as a result more collision will be possible per/minute . Enzyme’s activity stops why? Altogether and that is because of the heat changes the shape of the enzyme molecules preventing them from working ,this is called (denaturation ) in fact enzymes will denature and any temperature that is why they cannot be used over and over again ,however the higher the temperature the less time it takes for the denaturation to occurs . 5. Risk assessmentHazard | Risk | How to avoid | What happens in case of accident | Risk probabil ity to occurs | Heat from hot water bath| Burning | Handel with care | Seek medical help| Big risk| Enzymes | Biological hazards (irritant | Handel with correct equipment | Wash under water tape | Medium | Glass equipment | Injury or a glass cute| Try to handel with care | Seek medical help | Big | Thermometer | In case it breaks contain mercury | Handle with care Don’t move it from the water bath unless by the lab specialist | Seek eargent medical help in case of contact with mercury | Big | Electrical wire from water baths | Electrocuted or starting a fire | But it out of the way not in contact with water | Seek medical help | Small | Source | Reference | Was it useful | Used for | Advanced biology | Michael Kent, 2004. Advanced Biology. Edition. Oxford University Press| yes| Background information | Biology – Principles and Processes| M B V Roberts, 1993. Biology: Principles and Processes Pb. Edition. Thomas Nelson. | Yes | Methods | Web | Effect of temperature on e nzyme activity. 2012. Effect of temperature on enzyme activity. [ONLINE] Available at: http://academic. brooklyn. cuny. edu/biology/bio4fv/page/enz_act. htm. [Accessed 13 November 2012]. | Yes | | | | | |

An era of inhumanity essays

An era of inhumanity essays Uncle Toms Cabin is one of the most famous and popular pieces of Civil War literature. It was drawn from selected pieces of a real life memoir done by Harriet Beecher Stowe. Uncle Toms Cabin was a book that drew many people into the fight over the institution of slavery. Few books can truly be said to have altered the course of history, and even fewer can be said to have started an entire war. Uncle Toms Cabin was one such novel. It is a realistic, although fictional, view of slavery that burned into the consciousness of America the images of brutal beatings and unfair slave practices. Originally planned for a series of short essays for the National Era in 1851-1852, Stowe gathered so much information, that it was too large for newspaper print, and was published originally by the Boston publishing company Jewett. (Smith, 1). Immediately, it became a hot seller with Northerners and Southerners alike. Many argued that there were false reports in what she wrote because the slave owners were portrayed as heartless devilish men, and the slaves were portrayed as their victims. Uncle Toms Cabin tells a story of adversity in the struggle for freedom, a look into human cruelty as well as human compassion, and one mans loyalty to those he is indentured to. The novel is more than just a narrative of slaves, but of human emotion rising up in the face of adversity. It is a story of the fight for freedom and an account of the history of America. (Smith, 1). The author brings out the humanity in the slaves and describes the great injustices that took place during the time. The main characters in this story are Uncle Tom, Eliza, and George Harris. We are cordially introduced to Uncle Tom. He is a large, broad-chested, powerfully-made man, of a full glossy black, and a face whose truly African features are characterized by and expression of grave and steady ...

Pronunciation of Words With Weak and Strong Forms

Pronunciation of Words With Weak and Strong Forms English is a stress-time language which means that some words are stressed and others are not when speaking. Generally, content words such as nouns and principal verbs are stressed, while structure words such as articles, helping verbs, etc. are not.   The Structure of Words A number of structure words have both weak and strong pronunciation. As a rule, the structure will take the weak pronunciation which means that the vowel becomes muted. For example, take a look at these sentences: I can play piano.Tom is from New England. Here are these two sentences with accented words in italics. Mary can play piano.Tom is from Chicago. Can, and from and is are unaccented and the vowel is very weak. This weak vowel sound is often referred to as a schwa. In the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) the schwa is represented as an upside-down e. It is, however, also possible to use these words with a strong form. Take a look at the same structure words, but used with strong pronunciation: You CANT  play tennis. - Yes, I CAN.Where is Tom FROM? In these two sentences, the placement at the end of the sentence calls for the strong pronunciation of the word. In other cases, the usually unaccented word becomes accented as a means of stressing that something is contrary to what is understood by others. Look at these two sentences in a dialogue. You arent interested in coming next week, are you?Yes, I AM interested in coming! Try the following exercise to practice both the weak and strong form.  Write two sentences: One sentence using the weak form, and one using the strong form. Try practicing these sentences taking care to quickly glide over the vowel in the weak form, or pronouncing the vowel or diphthong sound firmly in the strong form. Here are a few examples: Ive heard you have a company in the city. No, I work FOR a company in the city.What are you looking for? She is our sister.OUR sister is so talented! Practice Activity Decide how the word indicated would change the meaning in the following sentences when using the strong form. Practice saying each sentence aloud alternating between weak and strong forms. Do you notice how the meaning changes through stress? I am an English teacher in Portland, Oregon. - strong amI am an English teacher from Portland, Oregon. - strong fromHe said that she should see a doctor. - strong shouldThey were able to find a job despite the difficult market. - strong wereDo you know where he comes from? - strong doIll give the assignment to them. - strong themShes one of our most valued students. - strong ourId like Tom and Andy to come to the party. - strong and Answers I AM an English teacher ... Its true even though you dont believe it..... teacher FROM Portland, Oregon. Thats my home city, but not necessarily where I live and teach now.  ... that she SHOULD see a doctor. Its my advice, not an obligation.They WERE able to find a job ... It was possible for them though you think not.DO you know where ... Do you know the answer to this question or not?... the assignment to THEM. Not you, the others.Shes one of OUR most valued students. She is one of us, not of you or them.... Tom AND Andy ... Not only Tom, dont forget Andy. Here are some of the most common words that have weak/strong pronunciations. Generally speaking, use the week form (schwa) pronunciation of these words unless they are stressed by coming at the end of a sentence or due to unnatural stress made to facilitate understanding.   Common Weak and Strong Words a / am / an / and / are / as / atbe / been / butcan / coulddo / doesfor / fromhad / has / have / he / her / him / hisismustnotof / ourshall / she / should / somethan / that / the / them / there / touswas / we / were / who / would / willyou / your

Research Paper Thesis Statementannotated bibliographyoutline Essay

Research Paper Thesis Statementannotated bibliographyoutline - Essay Example Health cannot be overlooked for the passion of fashion. It's precious. Remember, you live only once, so make the best use of it. Did it occur to you that slightly plumb women are equally attractive, if not better Everyone has a right to opinion. Let imitations be imitations, a part of the 23 billion a year entertainment. 3.0 Annotated Bibliography 1. Anna Nicole Smith's final adieu! http://www.fibre2fashion.com/news/fashion-news/newsdetails.aspxnews_id=30498... 2007 Anna Nicole Smith passed away at Seminole Hard Rock Hotel and Casino located in Hollywood recently. Though the news came as a shock, further investigation was shrouded with mystery. Nothing was said to be the reason for her untimely death. 2. Life & Style, Models 'unhappier' than most women, www.smh.com.au/news/fashion/models-unhappier-than-most-women/2007/02/13/1171128961370.html There is no doubt that models enjoy their time on the catwalk, but later find themselves stacked against a whole lot of adversities including, poorer mental health, lower life satisfaction and psychological fulfilment. It's never easy to be in the limelight all the time. Despite being icons of beauty, these glamour queens felt less satisfied and more isolated than their peers working in ordinary office jobs. 3. Melissa Dittmann, APA Online, monitor on psychology, Plastic surgery: Beauty or Beast 2005, www.apa.org/monitor/sep05/surgery.html Plastic surgery has blossomed over the years with more and more people looking to improve their body image. There has been talk of the positives of plastic surgery among patients. However, a research publication in the April 2004 issue of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (Vol. 113, No. 4, pages 1,229-1,237), found several predictors of poor outcomes,...Hard work and self-sacrifice are eminent. There are no shortcuts to fame and the sacrifice can be devastating to say the least. Anna Nicole Smith passed away at Seminole Hard Rock Hotel and Casino located in Hollywood recently. Though the news came as a shock, further investigation was shrouded with mystery. Nothing was said to be the reason for her untimely death. There is no doubt that models enjoy their time on the catwalk, but later find themselves stacked against a whole lot of adversities including, poorer mental health, lower life satisfaction and psychological fulfilment. It's never easy to be in the limelight all the time. Despite being icons of beauty, these glamour queens felt less satisfied and more isolated than their peers working in ordinary office jobs. Plastic surgery has blossomed over the years with more and more people looking to improve their body image. There has been talk of the positives of plastic surgery among patients. However, a research publication in the April 2004 issue of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (Vol. 113, No. 4, pages 1,229-1,237), found several predictors of poor outcomes, especially for those with unrealistic expectations or have a history of depression and anxiety.

See Below Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 7

See Below - Essay Example The distinction between legitimate and effective authority is that an effective one simply supports to change the decisions that apply to others. Legitimate authority has the ability to alter these decisions. The fact that authority calls for performance for a certain action is a basis for decision making which is not to be added to all other sound decisions when assessing what is to be done, but should eliminate and replace some of them. The theory is only acceptable if there are limits on what the legitimate authority can fairly order the individuals to do, a reason why it does not essentially replace all relevant decisions. In conclusion, Hobbes and Locke’s approach to decision making can be justified only based on consent. There should be a voluntary formation of political obligation and justice, where justice depends on what the individuals are willing or choose to agree to. Individuals should decide according to the concept of the â€Å"original

Profit maximisation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Profit maximisation - Essay Example A monopolist maximises his profit at the level of output where the marginal cost equals the marginal revenue. That is MR=MC. In order to determine the profit maximising level of production, the monopolist supplements its information about the prices and market demand for data on the costs of production at different levels of output. A monopolist cannot maximise profit by charging the highest price possible (market price yielding maximum benefits). Rather, it will maximise profit at the level where the Total Revenue minus the Total Cost is the highest. The difference between TR and TC is a function of price and the quantity sold. Profit maximisation in a pure monopoly structure is presented in the figure below. The monopoly cannot maximise its profits at the points where the MC is equal to the demand or where the average total cost equals the marginal cost. At these levels of output, the revenue generated would only be sufficient to cater for the cost of production. Rather, profit is maximised at the level of output where MR=MC. An oligopolistic market structure is characterised by few but large firms in the market. In making their economic decisions, firms in this market structure consider the behaviour of other firms in the market. The reason for such consideration is because any slight changes in the prices, output or expansion may have significant effects on the profitability of the firms in the market. In an oligopolistic market, profits will be maximised at the point where the price p intersects with the marginal revenue and the marginal cost curves (Baumol and Blinder, 2012). At this point, the MC=MR and MC cut the MR in its vertical portion. Profit maximisation thus occurs at price p. When the MC shifts in the vertical part of the MR, price P does not change. The movement of MC under the oligopolistic market makes insignificant price effects and hence consumers do

Reflection in Sport Coaching

Reflection in Sport Coaching Reflection is defined by Stenhouse 1975 p 144 as a capacity for autonomous professional self-directed through systematic self- study. Discuss how a coach utilises reflective practice to enhance their coaching performance The aim for this essay is to discuss how a coach can use reflective practice to improve his/her coaching. Reflective practice is an idea used in education studies and pedagogy. It was introduced by John Dewey, he defined reflection as active, persistent and careful consideration of any belief or supposed form of knowledge in the light of the grounds that support it, and the further conclusions to which it tends (Dewey, 1910). Dewey recommended that before a coach can achieve effective reflection three personal characteristics been to be in attendance. Open-mindedness- this is the yearning to want to learn more than you already know Wholeheartedness this is the enthusiasm to want to learn more about a specific subject Responsibility- this is to take the accountability of your actions, positive or negative. However, it is also important to understand other definitions of reflection as not all research has reached an agreed definition Jarvis (1992 p180) claims that reflective practice is something more then thoughtful practice. It is that form of practice that seeks to problematise many situations of professional performance so that they can become potential learning situations and so the practitioners can continue to learn, grow and develop in and through practice. Dewey (1910 p39) defines reflection as the active, persistent, and careful consideration of any belief or supposed form of knowledge in the light of the grounds that support it, and the further conclusion to which it tends. Reid (1993) in her definition also noted reflection as an active process rather than passive thinking. She states: Reflection is a process of reviewing an experience of practice in order to describe, analyse, evaluate and so inform learning about practice.(p305) McKernan (1996) refers to reflective teaching as not a knowledge-bounded set of competencies which are learned during student teaching, but on the contrary teaching that reflectively supports growth and professionalism through the questioning of  policies, problems and the consequences of actions. This is true in relation to the coach. Pollard (2002) suggests that Reflective teaching is applied in cyclical or spiralling process, in which teachers monitor, evaluate and revise their own practice continually. According to Reid (1993) cited by Ghaye and Lilleyman (1997) reflective practice is: Potentially both a way of learning and a mode of survival and development once formal education ceases. They believe that reflective practice is more than just skillto be used in one particular context but throughout life as well. Reflective practice requires professionals to step back from themselves and the  situation to examine all aspects of the teaching/learning act, including essential  dispositions. It implies that they use an empirical, analytical review of their teaching and  that they employ a moral and ethical framework to guide their analysis and modification  of teaching behaviour. Boise State University (No Date) In 1987 Schon stated that reflection can happen in two ways: reflecting in action and reflecting on action. Reflecting on action occurs after the coaching has taken place, this can be aided with the use of another coach giving advice, or with the use of video. Fitzgerald (1994) defines reflection on action as The retrospective contemplation of practice undertaken in order to uncover the knowledge used in practical situations, by analysing and interpreting the information recalled. Reflecting in action refers to reflection taking place during the activity. It can be said that reflecting on action is engaging in a constant process of rapid feedback and adjustment by which skilful operators can adjust to circumstances and sustain high levels of effectiveness Jackson et al (2004). When reviewing a coaching session there a number of topics to take into consideration. The first and most important aspect of coaching to take into consideration is if the aims and achievements for not only the coaching session but also for the season as a whole. Reflection to see if goals were achieved for the season can only happen once the season has finished. The goals may vary from winning every game, to trying to win one game, if the goals are not reached e.g. the team lost all games then the coach will know that his method of coaching might not have been the most effective to use for the athletes in his team. After a session there can also be a time for reflection, each session should have a clear aim or goal of a specific skill that needs to be improved, if at the end of the session the athletes have become more efficient in that skill then they session can be see as a success. On the other hand however, if the athletes have not improved during the session then reflection needs to take place to see why this is the case. Another way that a coach can use reflection to enhance their coaching performance is to evaluate if there coaching is time and cost effective. It is not good coaching if for example, it takes a whole session to cover a skill that can be covered in five minutes. To evaluate if the session has been cost effective, there are a number of factors to take into consideration. The first of these is have the athletes improved? If they havent then they have paid to gain nothing. However, if the athlete pays very little for a session, where there is only one coach and a high number of children then the expectations of the athletes and parents will drop. Young children i.e. under 7s may be only attending the session as an alternative to babysitting, especially if the cost of coaching is less than that of employing a baby sitter. A coach must make sure that what he/she is teaching is suited to the age group. For example, under 7s would not be capable of learning leg spin in cricket. Also at the other end of the spectrum you would not have the first team practicing basic drills such has hitting a tennis ball off a cone. Sometimes however, this is not that easy to plan for. For example, a group may have very extensive knowledge of one skill e.g. the front food drive, but have no idea how to play a pull shot. A coach can use reflection after the session to see if the performers have improved at the specific skill. A coach can reflect on the use of coaching points, there is no use in using advanced coaching points for athletes who are not experienced e.g. telling a 7 year old to rotate their shoulders vertically when playing the front food drive. The same can be said for experienced athletes, you would not tell them for example to keep their eyes on the ball when catching it as they will already know this. Coaches have to reflect on demonstrations, for the athlete to learn best the demonstrations need to be accurate and performed from many angles. The coach must also make sure that the athlete can see and is not obstructed by another athlete or the coach himself. The coach can also reflect on the safety, this can be a rather easy subject to reflect upon. If there is an injury then the reason for that injury will need to be looked at and reflected upon. Safety could also be reflected upon when thinking about equipment, the equipment that is used may be faulty or broken. All of the above are times when reflection can occur. Feedback from a number of people is very important when reflecting about a session. The athlete that you are coaching will give the coach a lot of feedback; this can range from the improvement they make to their body language. Some more elite athletes will know what works for them so will inform their coach how they learn best. It can be hard to judge how much an athlete has improved from the beginning of a session to the end of one. It is important to distinguish how much if an the athlete has gained so a test like situation could be helpful to ensure that the coach is coaching in a way that is effective. For example, when coaching throwing in cricket, it can be useful to see how far the athlete can throw before any coaching has taken place, so that after the coaching you can see if the athlete can throw the ball any further. Other coaches can help when reflecting about a session, especially if the coach is more experienced and or more qualified. The employer can also help with reflection, if the employer thinks that the athlete is improving then the coach will know that the way he is coaching is effective. But if the employer is not pleased with the improvement then change will have to be made. Parents can also play a large role in the reflective process, the parents may not be happy with the way that a coach is coaching. This may mean that the coach will have to change his coaching method, but only if the parent is knowledgeable. Reflection can also be aided by the use of a video. A video can record the coaching session, and give the coach an incite to what he/she actually does. This can help as it will show demonstrations, body language and what exactly was said. It will also allow the coach to look back on sessions in the past looking to see how his/her coaching methods have changed. McKernan agreed: might use a video recorder to trap teaching performance as evidence or data  to be analysed. More importantly, such a film becomes a critical documentary for  reflecting on practiceresearch can be undertaken by reactive methods such as  observers, questionnaires, interviews, dialogue journals or through such non-reactive  techniques as case studies, field notes, logs, diaries anecdotal records, document  analysis, shadow studies. McKernan (1996) Hanson believed that asking the students to fill in journals after each session would allow the coach to reflect properly. Ive had students make brief journal entries at the end of each sessionit doesnt take much time but reading and responding to the journal entries is time consuming. An approach taken from the values clarification literature is to ask students for one word that represents their behaviour that day. Hellison (1985) Reflection makes the coach test their own behaviour, reminding them to act sensibly in their actions. Reflective evaluation shows areas where population, for example, children, have a bigger social need in addition to their individual sport. When creating training session it is vital to think of the childhood of that child. Reflective practice demands the coach to examine their own behaviour honestly,  reminding them to act responsibly in their actions. Reflective evaluation highlights areas  where the population, for example, children, have a great social need besides their  particular sport. When designing training sessions it is important to consider the childhood of that child. Extreme training sessions may ruin their childhood. Reflective practice is detailed as being essential in increasing coaching effectiveness (Crisfield, 1998; Clifford and Feezell, 1997). Crisfield (1998) considers coaching efficiency to be determined by factors such as knowledge, skills, experience and philosophy. In conclusion Pollard (2002) states the importance of the reflection within coaching. The  process of reflective teaching supports the development and maintenance of professional  expertise. If a coach feels that they have nothing more to work on then they are not using reflection correctly, every coach no matter what level needs to use reflection to become a more competent coach. The importance of reflective coaching is not just about finding and defining the problem. Organising, planning and acting upon it are essential also. There must also be re-evaluation to see if it has solved the problem and continual evaluation resumed. Reflective practice lets the coach value for different styles or methods of coaching. If a coach did not use reflective practice then he/she could not guarantee continual re-evaluation of their work. McKernan (1996) refers to the coaching process as a ladder. To get any higher  performers must extend their ladder by making it longer through reflection and hopefully  improvement, or they and their will be limited to the same level. Adapted from Department of Education for Northern Ireland (1999) cited by  Pollard (2002) this mission statement sums up the truth of the reflective coach: At the  heart of becoming a good teacher is, above all else, being a learner-a life long learner. To learn one has to ask questions of oneself Bibliography Johns C Freshwater D (1998) Transforming nursing through reflective practice. Blackwell Science, London. Reid B (1993) But Were Doing it Already! Exploring a Response to the Concept of Reflective Practice in Order to Improve its Facilitation, Nurse Education Today, 13: 305- 309. McKernan, J. (1996). Curriculum Action Research: A Handbook of Methods and Resources for the Reflective Practitioner. Kogan Page Pollard, A. (2002). Reflective Teaching: Effective and Evidence-informed Professional Practice. Continuum Hellison, D. (1985). Goals and Strategies for Teaching Physical Education. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics Schà ¶n, D. (1991). Educating the Reflective Practitioner. Oxford: Jossey-Bass Crisfield, P. (1998). Analysing Your Coaching; The Start of Your Journey Towards Coaching Excellence. Leeds: The National Coaching Foundation Crisfield, P., Houlston, D. Simpkin, A. (1996). Coaching Sessions; A Guide to Planning and Goal-Setting. Leeds: The National Coaching Foundation Coaching knowledges, understanding the dynamics of sport performance, Jim Dickenson, 2007 A + C Black Publishers LTD. Jarvis, P. (1992), Reflective Practice and Nursing, Nurse Education Today, Volume 12, pages 23-30. Reed, J. Proctor, S. (1993) Nurse Education a Reflective Approach, Edward Arnold, London. Understanding sports coaching- the social, cultural and pedagogical foundations of coaching practice Tania Cassidy- routledge 2004 Reflective practice and supervision for coaches- Julie hay, the McGraw hill companies- 2007

meditation Essay -- essays research papers

Meditation is defined as a mind-body technique, which practices awareness, and induces tranquility in order to connect the mind and the body. It is also described as â€Å"mental fasting,† implying clearing and cleansing of the mind by the absence of distractions and negative emotions (Leikin, 2003). It has shown to benefit its users psychologically, physically, as well as spiritually. Meditation works by bringing about a relaxed and healthy state by physiologically and biochemically altering the body. It is characterized as a state of rest, while allowing the body to become more alert. This is accomplished through a dramatic decrease in metabolism, in turn, relaxing breathing patterns, and thus slowing activity within the nervous system. Upon completion of meditation one is more likely to show faster reactions to certain stimuli, a greater level of creativity, and a more conscious understanding and comprehension (ICBS Inc., 2004). Vast health and spiritual benefits can be ob served, as well. This paper will describe and discuss how meditation came about, the context in which it was used in the past, reasons for its use as compared to modern uses, as well as, ways in which meditating can heal the body and soul. It will also compare different forms of meditation, including; what each method entails, examples of postures to achieve each method, and results that can be achieved. Meditation was originally practiced spirituality in many ancient religions, including Hinduism, Judaism, Christianity, and most commonly, Buddhism. The founder of Buddhism, Siddharta Gotama became the master of the art of meditation and went on to teach it to his followers. He became known as â€Å"Buddha,† (â€Å"Enlightened or Awakened One.†) (Saunders, 2000). Buddhism is one of the world’s oldest and largest religions, starting over 2500 years ago. With Buddha as their leader (not as their God), followers learn the Four Noble Truths; First, â€Å"all existence is suffering,† secondly, â€Å"there is a cause for this suffering,† third, â€Å"the cause may be brought to an end,† and fourth, â€Å"the discipline necessary to bring it to an end is enlightenment (also known as, Buddhism)† (Saunders, 2000). Buddhists basic beliefs entail interconnectedness with everyone and everything, there is no beginning and no end (which involves the concept of reincarnation), and the law of â€Å"cause and effect,† or kharma. (Saunders, 200... ...ing From Within. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. 1980 Leikin, Jerrold B. American Medical Association Complete Medical Encyclopedia: Meditation. New York: Random House Reference. 2003. Leikin, Jerrold B. American Medical Association Complete Medical Encyclopedia: Transcendental Meditation. New York: Random House Reference. 2003 Lukoff, David. History of Meditation as a Clinical Intervention. 2002. www.virtualcs.com Saunders, E. Dale. Encyclopedia Americana International Edition: Buddha and Buddhism. Volume 4. Connecticut: Grolier Inc. 2000. Smith, Dr. Joseph F. Medical Library: Meditation. October 13, 2004. www.chclibrary.org/micromed/00056320 The Institute for Applied Meditation, Inc. Heart Rhythm Practice. 2004. www.appliedmeditation.org/Heart_Rhythm_Practice.shtml Trivieri, Jr., Larry. The American Holistic Medical Association Guide To Holistic Health: Healing Therapies For Optimal Wellness. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2001.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   White, Charles S. J. Encyclopedia Americana International Edition: Mantra. Volume 18. Connecticut: Grolier Inc. 2000. Zen Mind International. Meditation. 2004. www.zenmind.com/meditation.html

Weak People in the Bible

Regard For Those Who Are Weaker In Society Written in Torah are lessons and stories about how God created Earth, animals, plants, day and night, the sun, and also how God created man to dominate over all living things. Within Torah is a story of Abram and his relationship with God. Abram or Abraham had a covenant with God. God promised to bless the nation and Abraham. Abraham had no rules or law to follow he simply had to have faith in God and believe in him. God said to Abraham â€Å"†¦ You shall be the ancestor of nations.No longer shall your name be Abram but your name shall be Abraham; for I have made you the ancestor of nations. I will make you exceedingly fruitful; and I will make nations of you, and kings shall come from you. I will establish my covenant between me and you, and your offspring after you throughout their generations, for an everlasting covenant, to be God to you and to your offspring after you. And I will give to you, and to your offspring after you, all t he land of Canaan, for a perpetual holding; and I will be their God† (Genesis 17:4-8).The covenant between Abraham and God said that Abraham was blessed and so his descendants shall be blessed, so they were. Moses, one of Abraham’s descendants, was spoken to by God and he was told to go into Egypt and rescue the Israelites from slavery. Moses did what God had asked of him and rescued the Israelites; they were weak, poor and in bad shape. God had mercy on them and he heard their cries and helped. He made another covenant and this time it was a bit different. He promised to make the Israelite his treasured people if they would agree to follow and keep his commandments.This was good for the Israelites because they came from a place where times were hard and God saved them and made them his people. Torah instructs the Israelites to follow the laws given to them through the covenant between themselves and God. Morally the Israelites are to treat others as they would like to be treated. They were once slaves to the Egyptians and treated very poorly. The Israelites should have mercy on others less privileged because God had mercy on them. When Moses was leading the Israelites out of Egypt they were not completely grateful.They complained to Moses. The Israelites said â€Å"If only we had died by the land of Egypt, when we sat by the fleshpots and ate our fill of bread; for you have brought us out into this wilderness to kill this whole assembly with hunger† (Exodus 16:3). With the complaints and cries from the Israelites, God sent them bread to eat and gave them only one rule. They were not to take more than a day’s worth of bread at a time. Even though God gave the Israelites laws he still had mercy on them and helped them when they cried out.The laws were a test of faith and trueness between God and the Israelites. God helps those in need, when they are really in need of help. Since the Torah is written to the Israelites it should be read as a lesson and the lessons should be taken into consideration to the readers. There are many commandments that the Israelites are instructed to follow. A lot of them have to do with regard for those who are weaker in society. Just like God had mercy on the Israelites, the Israelites should have mercy on others because they once were the weaker persons in society.

Computers in education Essay

Computers have rapidly become one of the most vital parts of our civilization today. Computerized applications have set no limits in technological innovations. As a result, the human history has drastically changed since the revolutionary invention of computer. In December 1943, the first electric programmable computer, the Colossus, was introduced. Since then, computers not only have propelled innumerate industries to unquestionable success, but also created new industry like Information Technology. Computer-based instruction is becoming more prevalent in secondary education in the United States. Using computers to deliver instruction can help to correct inequities in educational opportunities that exist due to race/ethnicity, budget constraints, geographical location, income, school size, and substandard teaching (Carroll, 2000). There is no doubt that most up-to-date technological features cannot be fully appreciated, if future generations do not adapt and learn the technology. Future generation’s early adaptation in use of computers is extremely essential for further progress of technology; the computer’s constant technological advancements provide more extensive learning resources through multi web referencing tools and enhance students’ understanding by user friendly integrated programs. As of the traditional teaching process, using blackboard to present materials has been time consuming. Especially when the teacher’s back obscures what is being written on the blackboard, lack of attention from students automatically increase. Arguably, excessive usage of the blackboard in teaching limits the way of conveying materials in creative manner. For example, writing on a blackboard provides an inflexible presentation with few colors and styles, as well as difficulties in displaying pictures or multimedia content. On the other hand, â€Å"with the right software, they could help make science tangible or teach neglected topics like art and music. They help students form a concrete idea of society by displaying onscreen version of the city which they live.† (Gelernter 278) Another disadvantage of using a blackboard is that once the information written on the board is erased, it cannot be reproduced, or interchanged. Consequently, students have to make notes or copy the material from the blackboard, all of which is inconvenient (Apperson, Laws, & Scepansky, 2008). By implementing computers in classrooms, class times lost in taking notes will be allocated more efficiently, and perhaps, portions of saved class times can be utilized for other small educational activities. According to William R. Thomas, Director of Educational Technology for the Southern Regional Education Board, â€Å"virtual high schooling is no longer a marginal educational activity. It is rapidly becoming a mainstream component of secondary education in the United States. For example, there are now over 19,000 virtual high school students in the state of Florida. In 1998 there were fewer than 1,000.† The study vividly shows the positive impact that computer implementation had on virtual schooling over the last decade. The main factor for such success was largely due to students’ access to the internet. Physically handicapped students and temporarily disabled students now have the benefit of utilizing online education for their convenience. The Internet has â€Å"won† the technology struggle for primacy in education (Carroll, 2000). The Internet alone has completely altered the way in which students research information, facilitated distance education, and led to an increase in the spread of ideas (Diodato, 2007). World-widely shared information database has brought abundant educational resources to students. Computers in education can unload heavily burdened shoulders of college students, using the recent tablet technology. Students for instance Apple’s Cyber-safety is defined as the safe and responsible use of information and communication technologies (Balfour, 2005; Beach, 2007), including protection against unsolicited marketing and advertising (Frechette, 2005). Cyber-safety teaches children about the positive and negative aspects of ICT (Livingstone & Haddon, 2009), safeguarding against individuals who operate websites, attempt to contact children online, or to organize unsupervised meetings in person with children (Grey, 77). Cyber-safety education also involves guidance on cyber-ethics to form a responsible attitude to the use of ICT (Berson & Berson, 2004). Educating young children about cyber-safety is complicated, as young children often do not understand the social and technical complexity of the internet (Yan, 2006). Child protection programs are successful if children’s developmental level and cognitive abilities are considered, if abstract terms are avoided, and clear rules are repeated often so children retain the information (Sanderson, 2004) â€Å"Mobile technology customizes the learning experience to better fit students’ preferred mode, media, and pace of learning. It helps students connect with courses, content, and each other. It helps share insight on academic progress between teachers, students, and parents, and allows students to create content for assignments directly from devices and more.† (Etter, 2011) Technological literate people would possess knowledge, ways of thinking and acting, and capabilities that assist them as they interact with the technology found in their environments (Pearson & Young, 2002). Works Cited Apperson, J. M., Laws, E. L., & Scepansky, J. A. (2008). An assessment of studentpreferences for PowerPoint presentation structure in undergraduate courses. Computers & Education, 50(1), 148–153 Blaylock, T. Hendon, and Joseph W. Newman. â€Å"The impact of computer-based secondaryeducation.† Education 125.3 (2005): 373+. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 12 Mar. 2012. Balfour, C. (2005). A journey of social change: Turning government digital strategy into cybersafe local school practice. Paper presented at the Safety & Security in a Networked World: Balancing Cyber-rights & Responsibilities conference, Oxford, UK Beach, R. (2007). New Zealand’s first steps to cybersafety. Paper presented at the Early Childhood Convention, Rotorua, NZ Carroll, T.G. (2000). If we didn’t have the schools we have today, would we create theschools we have today? Contemporary Issues in Technology and Teacher Education, 1(1), 117-140. Diodato, Michael. â€Å"Innovative age: technology for education in the developing world.†Harvard International Review 28.4 (2007): 38+. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 12 Mar. 2012. Etter, Ryan. â€Å"VISIONS OF MOBILE LEARNING. (Cover Story).† T H E Journal 38.9 (2011): 28-34. Academic Search Premier. Web. 12 Mar. 2012. Frechette, J. (2005). Cyber-democracy or cyber-hegemony? Exploring the political and economic structures of the internet as an alternative source of information. Library Trends, 53(4), pp. 555-575 Gelernter, David. â€Å"Unplugged: The Myth of Computers in the Classroom†. The McGraw-Hill Reader 11th edi. Ed.Gilbert Muller. New York: McGraw Hill, 2011. 278-280 Grey, Anne. â€Å"Cybersafety In Early Childhood Education.† Australasian Journal Of Early Childhood 36.2 (2011): 77-81. Academic Search Premier. Web. 12 Mar. 2012 Livingstone, S., & Haddon, L. (2009). EU Kids Online: Final report. LSE, London: EUKids Online (EC Safer Internet Plus Programme Deliverable D6.5) Pearson, G., & Young, A.T. (2002). Technically speaking: Why all Americans need to know more about technology. Washington, DC: National Academies Press Sanderson, J. (2004). Child-focused sexual abuse prevention programs: How effective are they in preventing child abuse? Research & Issues Paper Series, 5, June 2004 Yan, Z. (2006). What influences children’s and adolescents’ understanding of the complexity of the internet? Developmental Psychology, 42(3), pp. 418–428.